Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Paper Example It will help in the employment of most effective treatments for rehabilitation of drug abusers. Keywords: Drugs, drug addiction, drug abusers, stress, relapse, reward. Drug Addiction The word â€Å"addiction† is derived from the â€Å"addicere† (a Latin verb), to bind or give an individual to one thing or another. It is generally employed in the field of drug to refer to compulsive, uncontrollable, or chronic drug use, to the level that an individual (an addict) may continue the drug forever. It typically implies a strong physical and psychological dependence that results in a withdrawal syndrome on ceasing the drug administration. Drug addiction entails instinctive search to utilize a substance, in spite of the latent negative psychological, physical and social consequences (Brown, 2003). The drug intake generates satisfaction and an intuitive drive that necessitates continuous or periodic drug to avoid the anxiety and distress and provide pleasure (Moal and Koob, 2007 ). Types of Drug use Recent analyses have focused on the following three kinds of drug use (1) Controlled, occasional, or social use. (2) Abusive or harmful use, and (3) Drug addiction. Clinically, the irregular but controlled exposure to a sedative drug is different from excessive drug use, lacking control over restraining drug intake, and the appearance of chronic obsessive drug-seeking that portrays addiction. One of the fundamental objectives of recent neurobiological research on addiction is to comprehend the neuroadaptive and neuropharmacological mechanisms within particular neurocircuits that arbitrates the transition in between controlled, occasional drug use and the failure to control behavior of drug-seeking and drug-taking that classifies chronic addiction (Moal and Koob, 2007). It is assumed that this transition corresponds to the channel from a normal to an allostatic state and consequently to a pathological one, i.e., a persistent and relapsing ailment. The critical na ture of the dissimilarity between harmful abuse and addiction is illuminated by epidemiological studies that show that a very limited percentage of the users will become dependent or addict. Stages of Addiction Drug-taking commences with collective drug-taking and severe reinforcement and occasionally, for a few individuals, then progresses in a pattern of growing compulsive use and lastly to withdrawal, dependence, and protracted abstinence. Since relapse is possible to occur, thus the cycle repeats (Robinson & Berridge, 2003). Characteristics of Drug Addiction Drug addiction, also termed as substance dependence is a persistent relapsing disorder usually characterized by (1) Urge to search for and take the drug (2) Loss of ability to control on limiting the drug administration (3) Development of negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, dysphoria, irritability) when drugs are avoided (Moal and Koob, 2007). Who are drug abusers? Drug abusers may be defined as individuals who are obsessive i n the drug administration behavior that they undermine other important aspects of life, like relationships, parenting, performing normal life activities, moral values etc. (Butler, 2009,). Reasons behind drug abuse Like various psychological disorders, substance dependence or drug addiction depends on numerous things. However two main factors are: Genes: Once the drug use has been initiated, the hereditary factors like genes

Movies Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movies - Movie Review Example The film mainly concentrated on the lives of the ordinary people, like Ricci and his family, and how they struggle daily to make ends meet. It also shows the desperation of such poor people and their belief in traditions such as seers for consolation. In the end, morally upright people like Ricci indulge in unlawful acts such as theft because they are driven by circumstances like poverty and failed police systems. Citizen Kane is a film that exceptionally uses a variety of camera features and effects to produce quality work. An example of camera technique used is the low camera angle at different scenes (Mamer 167). The aim of this was to elaborate the tension between characters in the film, which in turn displayed dominance or threatening mood in the film. This technique has been used in the floor scene where there was a confrontation between Kane and Jed. It has also been used at the scene where Kane died. The film is also composed of non linear story telling feature. This is becau se it is full of flashbacks and flash forwards when Kane dies, which attempt to explain it. Another feature is the use of varying points of view. This is illustrated when the close friends of Kane try to explain what he could have meant when he said ‘Rosebuds’. These two techniques assist in placing the audience in the shoes of the reporter. Citizen Kane also utilizes the combined effect of framing, deep focus and blocking (Mamer 168). These features are responsible for displaying the progress of Kane in different stages of life and the importance of such progress. The camera is placed at the window when Kane, as a boy, plays in the snow. Though he is far away, he is still focused within the frame of the window. Blocking enables the audience to see Kane’s mother and Mr. Thatcher on the right, Kane at the center while his father is at the left. ‘Birth of a Nation’ is another film that has utilized a number of stylistic features. The film uses inter ti tles that enable the audience to understand what is difficult to infer. A variety of camera movement is used, ranging from cut-ins to fade-ins, and long shots to close ups (Mamer 168). This technique distinguishes the chase scenes and help in development of suspense in the film. It is true that some films have a lasting appeal compared to others. One of the possible explanations to this could be the relevance of the film to the audience. The audience tends to be attracted to films that are relevant to the contemporary society, and that relates to their life. For example, The Bicycle Thief will not lose its appeal to the working class, and poor audience since most of the film occurrences are similar to theirs. If a film lacks multiple demographic appeals, it is likely to lose appeal faster compared to the ones with multiple demographic appeals. These ensure that a variety of features are all incorporated in the film to accommodate a bigger audience. An example is the combination of f an service, epic fantasy and/or with science fiction. I like McDonagh’s films, that is, ‘Seven Psychopaths’ and ‘In Bruges’. This is because McDonagh is a professional director who displays great writing skills. In addition, his films depict the fact that he is well versed with setting selection for his films. ‘In Bruges’, for example, is set in Belgium, which provides a setting that is well suited for the many layers of the story. His other film, ‘